Desarrollo de sistemas de fenotipado para evaluar diferentes estrategias de manejo de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) en caña de azúcar
Palavras-chave:
barrenador, condiciones controladas, estadio larval, método de infestación, síntoma de corazón muerto, dead heart symptom, controlled conditions, infestation method, larval instar, sugarcane borerResumo
El barrenador de caña de azúcar Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) es la plaga más importante del cultivo en Tucumán, Argentina. Los estadios larvales más avanzados perforan los tallos facilitando la colonización de microorganismos que reducen indirectamente el rendimiento y la calidad del azúcar. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue optimizar sistemas de fenotipado de D. saccharalis en caña de azúcar, en condiciones controladas, con el fin de evaluar diferentes estrategias de manejo de la plaga. En primer lugar, diferentes números de larvas neonatas fueron colocadas en el cogollo de plantines de caña de azúcar de dos meses de edad de las variedades TUC 95-10, TUC 03-12 y LCP 85-384. Por otro lado, en plantas individuales de seis meses de edad de TUC 95-10 se inocularon 10 larvas de diferentes estadios y se determinó el número de perforaciones y de vainas dañadas, la longitud total del túnel y el síntoma del corazón muerto. En ensayos in vitro se inocularon dos larvas neonatas en ápices caulinares extraídos de plantines y se determinó el porcentaje de supervivencia de larvas. Todos los ensayos se realizaron en condiciones controladas (28-30ºC; 50-70% de HR), con dos o tres repeticiones y con 5 - 10 unidades experimentales por tratamiento. En plantines se observó el síntoma del corazón muerto en todos los tratamientos con diferente número de larvas neonatas. Las plantas de seis meses de edad presentaron daños en vaina y tallo cuando se infestaron con los estadios larvales L2, L3 y L4, mientras que las larvas neonatas solo produjeron daño en la vaina. En los ensayos de laboratorio el porcentaje de supervivencia de larvas obtenido fue elevado. Los resultados sugieren que diferentes sistemas de fenotipado empleando material vegetal de distinta edad fueron optimizados y están disponibles para evaluar potenciales estrategias de manejo del barrenador.
ABSTRACT
Optimization of phenotyping system in sugarcane to evaluate different strategies against Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius)
Sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the most important sugarcane pest in Tucumán, Argentina. Older larvae bore into the stalks, facilitating microorganism colonization which indirectly reduces yield and quality of sugar. The aim of the present work was to optimize a sugarcane plant phenotyping method with D. saccharalis under controlled conditions to evaluate different strategies to manage the pest. Different numbers of neonate larvae were placed in the leaf whorl of sugarcane seedling (2-months-old) of cultivars TUC 95-10, TUC 03-12 and LCP 85-384. On the other hand, on single plants 6-month old of TUC 95-10, 10 larvae of several instars were added and the number of perforations and damaged sheath, the tunnel total length and the dead heart symptom were evaluated. In in vitro tests, immature leaf roll disks cut from seedlings were inoculated with two neonate larvae and the larval survival percentage was determined. Each assay was repeated twice or three times with 5 -10 replicates per treatment and conducted under controlled conditions (28-30ºC; 50-70% RH). In seedlings the symptom of the dead heart was observed in all the treatments with different larval number. In the case of the 6-month-old plants, damage in the sheath and stem were observed when infested with L2, L3 and L4 instars, whereas neonate larvae only produced sheath damage. In the laboratory tests, the survival percentage of larvae obtained was high. The results suggest that several methodologies were optimized to evaluate different types of plant material, which are available to study potential strategies for sugarcane borer management.
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