Evaluación de métodos para la producción in vitro de cormos de azafrán (Crocus sativus L.) en Tucumán, Argentina
Palavras-chave:
biotecnología vegetalResumo
El azafrán (Crocus sativus L.) es una planta perenne y bulbosa cuyo estigma constituye la especia. Es estéril y su única vía de propagación es la vegetativa, con baja tasa de multiplicación y problemas de infecciones. La micropropagación constituye una alternativa de producción de alto número de cormos de elevada sanidad. En este trabajo se logró la implantación in vitro de azafrán con tratamiento de carbexina + tiran asociado al agregado de antibióticos (cefotaxima y gentamicina). Se evaluaron tres medios de cultivo 1) ½ MS suplementado con tidiazurón (TDZ, 4,4 mg/litro), Ácido Indol acético 1,75 mg/litro y 40 g/l de sacarosa. 2) MS 2 mg/l ácido indol 3-butírico 10 mg/l 6 benzilaminopurina y con 50 g/l de sacarosa. 3) MS con TDZ 0,5 mg/l y 30 g/l de sacarosa. La inducción de cormos se hizo en MS libre de hormonas con 60 g/l de sacarosa. La eficiencia global de implantación fue del 28,3%. La mayor tasa de multiplicación se alcanzó en el medio 3 (1:7) y la menor en el medio 2 (1:3). Si bien los tres medios fueron adecuados para la multiplicación in vitro de azafrán solo los explantes derivados del medio 2 diferenciaron cormos.
ABSTRACT
Evaluation of methods for the in vitro production of saffron corms (Crocus sativus L.) in Tucumán, Argentina
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a perennial and bulbous plant, whose stigma constitutes the spice. Saffron is sterile and is propagated vegetatively, with low multiplication rate and infection problems. The micropropagation constitutes an alternative of production of high number of healthy corms. In this work, in vitro implantation of saffron was achieved with carbexine + tiran treatment associated with the addition of antibiotics (cefotaxime and gentamicin). Three culture media were evaluated: 1) ½ MS supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ, 4.4 mg/l), Indole acetic acid 1.75 mg/l and 40 g/l sucrose. 2) MS 2 mg/l indole 3-butyric acid 10 mg/l 6 benzylaminopurine and with 50 g/l sucrose. 3) MS with TDZ 0.5 mg/l and 30 g/l of sucrose. The induction of corms was done in hormone-free MS with 60 g/l of sucrose. The overall implementation efficiency was 28.3%. The highest multiplication rate was reached in the medium 3 (1: 7) and the lowest in the medium 2 (1: 3). Although the three media were adequate for the in vitro multiplication of saffron, only explants derived from medium 2 differentiated corms.
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