Evaluación de la capacidad de una cepa autóctona de Gluconacetobacter sp. para mejorar el crecimiento inicial del cultivo de la caña de azúcar
Keywords:
sustentabilidad, cañaveral, fijación biológica de nitrógeno, sustainability, sugarcane field, biológical nitrogen fixationAbstract
Los biofertilizantes constituidos por bacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal son una alternativa sustentable para estimular el crecimiento e incrementar los rendimientos del cultivo de la caña de azúcar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue aislar y caracterizar una cepa endofítica del género Gluconacetobacter capaz de colonizar y promover el crecimiento del cultivo, y que presente además alta viabilidad y estabilidad en medios de cultivo de bajo costo para su propagación a escala piloto e industrial. A partir de tallos de caña de azúcar, se aisló la cepa endofítica OCG1 de Gluconacetobacter con capacidad potencial para fijar nitrógeno. Luego de inocular yemas aisladas de caña de azúcar de la variedad TUC 95-10, se observó que el aislamiento OCG1 fue capaz de colonizar el sistema radicular de las plántulas e incrementar el peso fresco y seco tanto del sistema aéreo como del radicular. Finalmente, OCG1 presentó capacidad para generar gran cantidad de biomasa y para producir y excretar exopolisacáridos (EPS) en el medio de cultivo industrial utilizado para su propagación a escala piloto. Además, conservó su viabilidad durante el almacenamiento prolongado a temperatura ambiente (25°C).
De esta forma, la cepa Gluconacetobacter OCG1 podría emplearse en la formulación de un biofertilizante para obtener plantines de caña de azúcar con alto valor agregado a partir de la inoculación de las yemas aisladas.
ABSTRACT
Evaluation of an autochthonous strain of Gluconacetobacter sp. ability to improve the initial growth of sugarcane crop
Biofertilizers constituted by plant growth promoting bacteria, are a sustainable alternative to stimulate sugarcane growth and development. The objective of this work was to isolate and characterize an endophytic Gluconacetobacter strain capable of colonizing and promoting crop growth. It also has a high viability and stability in low cost culture medium for its pilot and industrial scale propagation. From sugarcane stems, the endophytic strain GluconacetobacterOCG1 with potential ability to fix nitrogen was isolated. After TUC 95-10 sugarcane buds inoculation, it was observed that OCG1 strain is able to colonize root system and to increase fresh and dry weight of both vegetative and root systems. Finally, OCG1 strain showed high ability to generate large amount of biomass and to produce and excrete exopolysaccharides (EPS) in the industrial culture medium used for the propagation at pilot scale. Also, it retained its viability during long storage at room temperature (25°C).
Hence, Gluconacetobacter OCG1 strain could be used as a biofertilizer to obtain high added value sugar cane seedlings from the inoculation of isolated buds.
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